Masonry is durable, but it isn’t indestructible — especially in a climate like Hamilton’s. Between rapid freeze–thaw cycles, heavy seasonal moisture, and the age of many local homes, brick and block structures take a beating over time. Knowing the warning signs helps you prevent small issues from turning into expensive repairs.
Below are the most common masonry problems Hamilton homeowners face and how to avoid them.
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Martha Garrett
1. Crumbling or Spalling Brick
Spalling happens when brick faces flake, crumble, or break apart due to trapped moisture.
Common causes include:
• Poor mortar mix
• Water penetration through cracks
• Freeze–thaw expansion
• Previous improper repairs
Prevention: Keep mortar joints sealed, ensure proper drainage away from the home, and address cracks before winter.
2. Deteriorated Mortar Joints (Tuck-pointing Needed)
Mortar wears out faster than brick. When it deteriorates, water enters the wall cavity.
Signs you need tuck-pointing:
• Cracks between bricks
• Loose or missing mortar
• Sandy, powdery joints
• Visible gaps
Prevention: Have a contractor inspect joints every few years, especially in older Hamilton homes.
3. Chimney Damage
Chimneys take the most weather exposure and deteriorate faster.
Common chimney issues:
• Leaning or shifting
• Cracked crown
• Loose bricks
• Missing mortar
• Water staining
Prevention: Install a chimney cap, fix crown cracks early, and repoint the chimney before bricks loosen.
4. Bulging or Bowing Walls
A bulging wall is a serious structural issue.
Typical causes:
• Water intrusion
• Failed footings
• Soil pressure
• Freeze–thaw expansion behind brick
Prevention: Improve drainage, maintain gutters, and repair mortar immediately if water gets behind the brick.
5. Efflorescence (White Powder on Brick)
White chalky residue is mineral salt left behind by evaporated water. It’s not dangerous but indicates moisture intrusion.
Prevention: Repair cracks, improve drainage, and use breathable masonry sealers.
6. Moisture Intrusion Around Windows and Doors
Openings are weak points in wall systems and often allow water behind the brick.
Common indicators:
• Indoor drywall stains
• Musty smell
• Soft wood around frames
• Brick discoloration
Prevention: Replace cracked caulking, fix flashing, and seal any mortar gaps.
7. Foundation Parging Failure
Parging (the thin concrete coating on foundations) often cracks or flakes in Hamilton’s climate.
Why it happens:
• Freeze–thaw cycles
• Salt exposure
• Poor original application
• Aging concrete
Prevention: Re-parge with a high-bond mortar and apply a protective coating.
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